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Tree of Salvation : Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North, Hardcover by Murphy...
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- Book Title
- Tree of Salvation : Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North
- ISBN
- 9780199948611
- Subject Area
- Religion, Social Science
- Publication Name
- Tree of Salvation : Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North
- Item Length
- 5.8 in
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press, Incorporated
- Subject
- Christianity / History, Folklore & Mythology, Christianity / General
- Publication Year
- 2013
- Type
- Textbook
- Format
- Hardcover
- Language
- English
- Item Height
- 0.7 in
- Item Width
- 8.4 in
- Item Weight
- 14.1 Oz
- Number of Pages
- 256 Pages
關於產品
Product Information
At the heart of the mythology of the Anglo-Scandinavian-Germanic North is the evergreen Yggdrasil, the tree of life believed to hold up the skies and unite and separate three worlds: Asgard, high in the tree, where the gods dwelled in their great halls; Middlegard, where human beings lived; and the dark underground world of Hel, home to the monstrous goddess of death. With the advent of Christianity in the North around the year 1000, Yggdrasil was recast as the cross on which Christ sacrificed himself. Ronald Murphy offers an insightful examination of the lasting significance of Yggdrasil in northern Europe, showing that the tree's image persisted not simply through its absorption into descriptions of Christ's crucifix, but through recognition by the newly converted Christians of the truth of their new religion in the images and narratives of their older faith. Rather than dwelling on theological and cultural differences between Christianity and older Anglo-Scandinavian beliefs, Murphy makes an argument internal to the culture, showing how the new dispensation was a realization of the old. He shows how architectural and literary works, including the Jelling stone in Denmark, the stave churches in Norway, The Dream of the Rood, the runes of the futhark, the round churches on Bornholm, the Viking crosses at Middleton in Yorkshire and even the Christmas tree, are all indebted to the cultural interweaving of cross and tree in the North. Tree of Salvation demonstrates that both Christian and older Northern symbols can be read as a single story of salvation.
Product Identifiers
Publisher
Oxford University Press, Incorporated
ISBN-10
0199948615
ISBN-13
9780199948611
eBay Product ID (ePID)
166487871
Product Key Features
Publication Name
Tree of Salvation : Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North
Format
Hardcover
Language
English
Subject
Christianity / History, Folklore & Mythology, Christianity / General
Publication Year
2013
Type
Textbook
Subject Area
Religion, Social Science
Number of Pages
256 Pages
Dimensions
Item Length
5.8 in
Item Height
0.7 in
Item Width
8.4 in
Item Weight
14.1 Oz
Additional Product Features
LCCN
2013-003236
Intended Audience
Scholarly & Professional
Lc Classification Number
Bl870.Y44m87 2013
Reviews
"At the center of this book stands a tree-but is it the evergreen Yggdrasil connecting the three worlds of Asgard, Middlegard, and Hel, or the Cross upon which the Maker sacrificed himself to bring salvation to his creation? This brilliant book shows us how both images can be true. Fr. Murphy transports us into a world where the myths of the North become once again potent and filled with mystery. Especially wonderful is Murphy's refusal to pit one religion against the other: this is a story internal to a culture, the new dispensation reflecting itself through the old, much as within Christianity, the New Testament is seen as a realization of the Old. Murphy makes both Yggdrasil and the Rood of the Dream come alive for us. This exciting, readable, persuasive, and beautifully argued book will enthrall specialists in early medieval history, art history, and literature, and everyone who has ever decorated a Christmas tree." --Rachel Fulton Brown, University of Chicago "While Boniface wielded his ax to destroy paganism in eighth-century Germany, Christian conversion in the North operated in a much more culture-sensitive manner, as G. Ronald Murphy beautifully illustrates in his new study focused on the visual and literary material from the Old-Norse world. Through his careful study of the Nordic architecture and the use of the tree in lieu of the cross, combined with a meticulous reading of the Eddic texts and the Old-Saxon Heliand, Murphy uncovers a breathtaking story of how Christianity was merged with the old Scandinavian belief system in order to achieve conversion." --Albrecht Classen, editor of The Handbook of Medieval Studies (2010) "G. Ronald Murphy, S.J. leads us on a fascinating pilgrimage, investigating the pre-Christian to Christian transition from one worldview to the new concept of God and the universe. Central to his groundbreaking thesis is church architecture of the transition period and new insights regarding pre-Christian burial customs and the Tree of Salvation-Yggdrasil, the World Tree-and its mythological story of Odin on the tree, of Lif and Lifthrasir for whom the tree opened to safety, and Germanic myth foreshadowing Christianity." --James E. Cathey, Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst "In this clearly written book, Murphy presents a fanciful exploration of the Nordic world tree [...] Murphy provides novel interpretations[, ... his] reading of the bracteates and the runes inscribed on them is interesting." -T.R. Tangherlini, University of California, Los Angeles, CHOICE, "A most inspiring and insightful book, and it was so wonderful to read a scholarly work spanning centuries and disciplines and written in beautiful prose....an unforgettable book."-- Kirsten Wolf, University of Wisconsin-Madison "Amazing book...one of the finest examples I know of a history of liturgical inculturation."--Gordon Lathrop, Professor of Liturgy Emeritus, Lutheran Theological Seminary [A] clearly written book...Recommended. --CHOICE "At the center of this book stands a tree-but is it the evergreen Yggdrasil connecting the three worlds of Asgard, Middlegard, and Hel, or the Cross upon which the Maker sacrificed himself to bring salvation to his creation? This brilliant book shows us how both images can be true. Fr. Murphy transports us into a world where the myths of the North become once again potent and filled with mystery. Especially wonderful is Murphy's refusal to pit one religion against the other: this is a story internal to a culture, the new dispensation reflecting itself through the old, much as within Christianity, the New Testament is seen as a realization of the Old. Murphy makes both Yggdrasil and the Rood of the Dream come alive for us. This exciting, readable, persuasive, and beautifully argued book will enthrall specialists in early medieval history, art history, and literature, and everyone who has ever decorated a Christmas tree." --Rachel Fulton Brown, University of Chicago "While Boniface wielded his ax to destroy paganism in eighth-century Germany, Christian conversion in the North operated in a much more culture-sensitive manner, as G. Ronald Murphy beautifully illustrates in his new study focused on the visual and literary material from the Old-Norse world. Through his careful study of the Nordic architecture and the use of the tree in lieu of the cross, combined with a meticulous reading of the Eddic texts and the Old-Saxon Heliand, Murphy uncovers a breathtaking story of how Christianity was merged with the old Scandinavian belief system in order to achieve conversion." --Albrecht Classen, editor of The Handbook of Medieval Studies (2010) "G. Ronald Murphy, S.J. leads us on a fascinating pilgrimage, investigating the pre-Christian to Christian transition from one worldview to the new concept of God and the universe. Central to his groundbreaking thesis is church architecture of the transition period and new insights regarding pre-Christian burial customs and the Tree of Salvation-Yggdrasil, the World Tree-and its mythological story of Odin on the tree, of Lif and Lifthrasir for whom the tree opened to safety, and Germanic myth foreshadowing Christianity." --James E. Cathey, Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst "In this clearly written book, Murphy presents a fanciful exploration of the Nordic world tree [...] Murphy provides novel interpretations[, ... his] reading of the bracteates and the runes inscribed on them is interesting." --T.R. Tangherlini, University of California, Los Angeles, CHOICE "Tree of Salavation: Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North is a highly original, insightful, and sophisticated study. The book will be much cited." --Church History "Murphy's scholarship is superb... Tree of Salvation is a labor of love: a love which is palpable and apparent throughout its pages." --Mythlore, "A most inspiring and insightful book, and it was so wonderful to read a scholarly work spanning centuries and disciplines and written in beautiful prose....an unforgettable book."-- Kirsten Wolf, University of Wisconsin-Madison "Amazing book...one of the finest examples I know of a history of liturgical inculturation."--Gordon Lathrop, Professor of Liturgy Emeritus, Lutheran Theological Seminary [A] clearly written book...Recommended. --CHOICE "At the center of this book stands a tree-but is it the evergreen Yggdrasil connecting the three worlds of Asgard, Middlegard, and Hel, or the Cross upon which the Maker sacrificed himself to bring salvation to his creation? This brilliant book shows us how both images can be true. Fr. Murphy transports us into a world where the myths of the North become once again potent and filled with mystery. Especially wonderful is Murphy's refusal to pit one religion against the other: this is a story internal to a culture, the new dispensation reflecting itself through the old, much as within Christianity, the New Testament is seen as a realization of the Old. Murphy makes both Yggdrasil and the Rood of the Dream come alive for us. This exciting, readable, persuasive, and beautifully argued book will enthrall specialists in early medieval history, art history, and literature, and everyone who has ever decorated a Christmas tree." --Rachel Fulton Brown, University of Chicago "While Boniface wielded his ax to destroy paganism in eighth-century Germany, Christian conversion in the North operated in a much more culture-sensitive manner, as G. Ronald Murphy beautifully illustrates in his new study focused on the visual and literary material from the Old-Norse world. Through his careful study of the Nordic architecture and the use of the tree in lieu of the cross, combined with a meticulous reading of the Eddic texts and the Old-Saxon Heliand, Murphy uncovers a breathtaking story of how Christianity was merged with the old Scandinavian belief system in order to achieve conversion." --Albrecht Classen, editor of The Handbook of Medieval Studies (2010) "G. Ronald Murphy, S.J. leads us on a fascinating pilgrimage, investigating the pre-Christian to Christian transition from one worldview to the new concept of God and the universe. Central to his groundbreaking thesis is church architecture of the transition period and new insights regarding pre-Christian burial customs and the Tree of Salvation-Yggdrasil, the World Tree-and its mythological story of Odin on the tree, of Lif and Lifthrasir for whom the tree opened to safety, and Germanic myth foreshadowing Christianity." --James E. Cathey, Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst "In this clearly written book, Murphy presents a fanciful exploration of the Nordic world tree [...] Murphy provides novel interpretations[, ... his] reading of the bracteates and the runes inscribed on them is interesting." --T.R. Tangherlini, University of California, Los Angeles, CHOICE "Tree of Salavation: Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North is a highly original, insightful, and sophisticated study. The book will be much cited." --Church History, "Amazing book...one of the finest examples I know of a history of liturgical inculturation."--Gordon Lathrop, Professor of Liturgy Emeritus, Lutheran Theological Seminary [A] clearly written book...Recommended. --CHOICE "At the center of this book stands a tree-but is it the evergreen Yggdrasil connecting the three worlds of Asgard, Middlegard, and Hel, or the Cross upon which the Maker sacrificed himself to bring salvation to his creation? This brilliant book shows us how both images can be true. Fr. Murphy transports us into a world where the myths of the North become once again potent and filled with mystery. Especially wonderful is Murphy's refusal to pit one religion against the other: this is a story internal to a culture, the new dispensation reflecting itself through the old, much as within Christianity, the New Testament is seen as a realization of the Old. Murphy makes both Yggdrasil and the Rood of the Dream come alive for us. This exciting, readable, persuasive, and beautifully argued book will enthrall specialists in early medieval history, art history, and literature, and everyone who has ever decorated a Christmas tree." --Rachel Fulton Brown, University of Chicago "While Boniface wielded his ax to destroy paganism in eighth-century Germany, Christian conversion in the North operated in a much more culture-sensitive manner, as G. Ronald Murphy beautifully illustrates in his new study focused on the visual and literary material from the Old-Norse world. Through his careful study of the Nordic architecture and the use of the tree in lieu of the cross, combined with a meticulous reading of the Eddic texts and the Old-Saxon Heliand, Murphy uncovers a breathtaking story of how Christianity was merged with the old Scandinavian belief system in order to achieve conversion." --Albrecht Classen, editor of The Handbook of Medieval Studies (2010) "G. Ronald Murphy, S.J. leads us on a fascinating pilgrimage, investigating the pre-Christian to Christian transition from one worldview to the new concept of God and the universe. Central to his groundbreaking thesis is church architecture of the transition period and new insights regarding pre-Christian burial customs and the Tree of Salvation-Yggdrasil, the World Tree-and its mythological story of Odin on the tree, of Lif and Lifthrasir for whom the tree opened to safety, and Germanic myth foreshadowing Christianity." --James E. Cathey, Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst "In this clearly written book, Murphy presents a fanciful exploration of the Nordic world tree [...] Murphy provides novel interpretations[, ... his] reading of the bracteates and the runes inscribed on them is interesting." --T.R. Tangherlini, University of California, Los Angeles, CHOICE "Tree of Salavation: Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North is a highly original, insightful, and sophisticated study. The book will be much cited." --Church History, [A] clearly written book...Recommended. --CHOICE "At the center of this book stands a tree-but is it the evergreen Yggdrasil connecting the three worlds of Asgard, Middlegard, and Hel, or the Cross upon which the Maker sacrificed himself to bring salvation to his creation? This brilliant book shows us how both images can be true. Fr. Murphy transports us into a world where the myths of the North become once again potent and filled with mystery. Especially wonderful is Murphy's refusal to pit one religion against the other: this is a story internal to a culture, the new dispensation reflecting itself through the old, much as within Christianity, the New Testament is seen as a realization of the Old. Murphy makes both Yggdrasil and the Rood of the Dream come alive for us. This exciting, readable, persuasive, and beautifully argued book will enthrall specialists in early medieval history, art history, and literature, and everyone who has ever decorated a Christmas tree." --Rachel Fulton Brown, University of Chicago "While Boniface wielded his ax to destroy paganism in eighth-century Germany, Christian conversion in the North operated in a much more culture-sensitive manner, as G. Ronald Murphy beautifully illustrates in his new study focused on the visual and literary material from the Old-Norse world. Through his careful study of the Nordic architecture and the use of the tree in lieu of the cross, combined with a meticulous reading of the Eddic texts and the Old-Saxon Heliand, Murphy uncovers a breathtaking story of how Christianity was merged with the old Scandinavian belief system in order to achieve conversion." --Albrecht Classen, editor of The Handbook of Medieval Studies (2010) "G. Ronald Murphy, S.J. leads us on a fascinating pilgrimage, investigating the pre-Christian to Christian transition from one worldview to the new concept of God and the universe. Central to his groundbreaking thesis is church architecture of the transition period and new insights regarding pre-Christian burial customs and the Tree of Salvation-Yggdrasil, the World Tree-and its mythological story of Odin on the tree, of Lif and Lifthrasir for whom the tree opened to safety, and Germanic myth foreshadowing Christianity." --James E. Cathey, Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst "In this clearly written book, Murphy presents a fanciful exploration of the Nordic world tree [...] Murphy provides novel interpretations[, ... his] reading of the bracteates and the runes inscribed on them is interesting." -T.R. Tangherlini, University of California, Los Angeles, CHOICE, "A brilliant book that liturgists ought to know...The book is clearly written, easy to follow, excellently illustrated, and wonderfully engaging in its argumentation...I do not know of a better account of specific cases in the history of liturgical inculturaltion than this book."--Worship "Murphy's scholarship is superb... Tree of Salvation is a labor of love: a love which is palpable and apparent throughout its pages." --Mythlore "Tree of Salavation: Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North is a highly original, insightful, and sophisticated study. The book will be much cited." --Church History [A] clearly written book...Recommended. --CHOICE "A most inspiring and insightful book, and it was so wonderful to read a scholarly work spanning centuries and disciplines and written in beautiful prose....an unforgettable book."-- Kirsten Wolf, University of Wisconsin-Madison "Amazing book...one of the finest examples I know of a history of liturgical inculturation."--Gordon Lathrop, Professor of Liturgy Emeritus, Lutheran Theological Seminary "At the center of this book stands a tree-but is it the evergreen Yggdrasil connecting the three worlds of Asgard, Middlegard, and Hel, or the Cross upon which the Maker sacrificed himself to bring salvation to his creation? This brilliant book shows us how both images can be true. Fr. Murphy transports us into a world where the myths of the North become once again potent and filled with mystery. Especially wonderful is Murphy's refusal to pit one religion against the other: this is a story internal to a culture, the new dispensation reflecting itself through the old, much as within Christianity, the New Testament is seen as a realization of the Old. Murphy makes both Yggdrasil and the Rood of the Dream come alive for us. This exciting, readable, persuasive, and beautifully argued book will enthrall specialists in early medieval history, art history, and literature, and everyone who has ever decorated a Christmas tree." --Rachel Fulton Brown, University of Chicago "While Boniface wielded his ax to destroy paganism in eighth-century Germany, Christian conversion in the North operated in a much more culture-sensitive manner, as G. Ronald Murphy beautifully illustrates in his new study focused on the visual and literary material from the Old-Norse world. Through his careful study of the Nordic architecture and the use of the tree in lieu of the cross, combined with a meticulous reading of the Eddic texts and the Old-Saxon Heliand, Murphy uncovers a breathtaking story of how Christianity was merged with the old Scandinavian belief system in order to achieve conversion." --Albrecht Classen, editor of The Handbook of Medieval Studies (2010) "G. Ronald Murphy, S.J. leads us on a fascinating pilgrimage, investigating the pre-Christian to Christian transition from one worldview to the new concept of God and the universe. Central to his groundbreaking thesis is church architecture of the transition period and new insights regarding pre-Christian burial customs and the Tree of Salvation-Yggdrasil, the World Tree-and its mythological story of Odin on the tree, of Lif and Lifthrasir for whom the tree opened to safety, and Germanic myth foreshadowing Christianity." --James E. Cathey, Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst "In this clearly written book, Murphy presents a fanciful exploration of the Nordic world tree [...] Murphy provides novel interpretations[, ... his] reading of the bracteates and the runes inscribed on them is interesting." --T.R. Tangherlini, University of California, Los Angeles, CHOICE, "At the center of this book stands a tree-but is it the evergreen Yggdrasil connecting the three worlds of Asgard, Middlegard, and Hel, or the Cross upon which the Maker sacrificed himself to bring salvation to his creation? This brilliant book shows us how both images can be true. Fr. Murphy transports us into a world where the myths of the North become once again potent and filled with mystery. Especially wonderful is Murphy's refusal to pit one religion against the other: this is a story internal to a culture, the new dispensation reflecting itself through the old, much as within Christianity, the New Testament is seen as a realization of the Old. Murphy makes both Yggdrasil and the Rood of the Dream come alive for us. This exciting, readable, persuasive, and beautifully argued book will enthrall specialists in early medieval history, art history, and literature, and everyone who has ever decorated a Christmas tree." --Rachel Fulton Brown, University of Chicago "While Boniface wielded his ax to destroy paganism in eighth-century Germany, Christian conversion in the North operated in a much more culture-sensitive manner, as G. Ronald Murphy beautifully illustrates in his new study focused on the visual and literary material from the Old-Norse world. Through his careful study of the Nordic architecture and the use of the tree in lieu of the cross, combined with a meticulous reading of the Eddic texts and the Old-Saxon Heliand, Murphy uncovers a breathtaking story of how Christianity was merged with the old Scandinavian belief system in order to achieve conversion." --Albrecht Classen, editor of The Handbook of Medieval Studies (2010) "G. Ronald Murphy, S.J. leads us on a fascinating pilgrimage, investigating the pre-Christian to Christian transition from one worldview to the new concept of God and the universe. Central to his groundbreaking thesis is church architecture of the transition period and new insights regarding pre-Christian burial customs and the Tree of Salvation-Yggdrasil, the World Tree-and its mythological story of Odin on the tree, of Lif and Lifthrasir for whom the tree opened to safety, and Germanic myth foreshadowing Christianity." --James E. Cathey, Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst, [A] clearly written book...Recommended. --CHOICE "At the center of this book stands a tree-but is it the evergreen Yggdrasil connecting the three worlds of Asgard, Middlegard, and Hel, or the Cross upon which the Maker sacrificed himself to bring salvation to his creation? This brilliant book shows us how both images can be true. Fr. Murphy transports us into a world where the myths of the North become once again potent and filled with mystery. Especially wonderful is Murphy's refusal to pit one religion against the other: this is a story internal to a culture, the new dispensation reflecting itself through the old, much as within Christianity, the New Testament is seen as a realization of the Old. Murphy makes both Yggdrasil and the Rood of the Dream come alive for us. This exciting, readable, persuasive, and beautifully argued book will enthrall specialists in early medieval history, art history, and literature, and everyone who has ever decorated a Christmas tree." --Rachel Fulton Brown, University of Chicago "While Boniface wielded his ax to destroy paganism in eighth-century Germany, Christian conversion in the North operated in a much more culture-sensitive manner, as G. Ronald Murphy beautifully illustrates in his new study focused on the visual and literary material from the Old-Norse world. Through his careful study of the Nordic architecture and the use of the tree in lieu of the cross, combined with a meticulous reading of the Eddic texts and the Old-Saxon Heliand, Murphy uncovers a breathtaking story of how Christianity was merged with the old Scandinavian belief system in order to achieve conversion." --Albrecht Classen, editor of The Handbook of Medieval Studies (2010) "G. Ronald Murphy, S.J. leads us on a fascinating pilgrimage, investigating the pre-Christian to Christian transition from one worldview to the new concept of God and the universe. Central to his groundbreaking thesis is church architecture of the transition period and new insights regarding pre-Christian burial customs and the Tree of Salvation-Yggdrasil, the World Tree-and its mythological story of Odin on the tree, of Lif and Lifthrasir for whom the tree opened to safety, and Germanic myth foreshadowing Christianity." --James E. Cathey, Professor Emeritus of German and Scandinavian Studies, University of Massachusetts Amherst "In this clearly written book, Murphy presents a fanciful exploration of the Nordic world tree [...] Murphy provides novel interpretations[, ... his] reading of the bracteates and the runes inscribed on them is interesting." --T.R. Tangherlini, University of California, Los Angeles, CHOICE "Tree of Salavation: Yggdrasil and the Cross in the North is a highly original, insightful, and sophisticated study. The book will be much cited." --Church History
Table of Content
1. Introduction: RealizationI: In Wood and Stone2. The Norwegian Stave Churches3. Bornholm's Round Churches and Baptismal Font4. The Viking Crosses at MiddletonII: In Poetry and Runes5. The Dream of the Rood and the Ruthwell Cross6. Yggdrasil and the Runes of the Elder FutharkIII: In Yuletide Carol and Evergreens7. Yggdrasil and the Christmas TreeSelect Bibliography
Copyright Date
2013
Dewey Decimal
293.13
Dewey Edition
23
Illustrated
Yes
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物品所在地：
Jessup, Maryland, 美國
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不丹, 中國, 中國台灣, 中國澳門, 中國香港, 丹麥, 亞塞拜疆共和國, 亞美尼亞, 以色列, 伯利茲, 佛得角群島, 保加利亞, 克羅地亞共和國, 冰島, 列支敦士登, 利比利亞, 剛果共和國, 剛果民主共和國, 加拿大, 加納, 加蓬共和國, 匈牙利, 南非, 南韓, 卡塔爾, 印尼, 印度, 危地馬拉, 厄瓜多爾, 厄立特里亞, 吉布提, 吉爾吉斯, 哈薩克, 哥倫比亞, 哥斯達黎加, 喀麥隆, 土庫斯安德凱科斯群島, 圭亞那, 坦桑尼亞, 埃及, 埃塞俄比亞, 基里巴斯, 塞內加爾, 塞拉利昂, 塞浦路斯, 塞爾維亞, 墨西哥, 多哥, 多明尼加共和國, 奧地利, 孟加拉, 安圭拉島, 安提瓜和巴布達, 安道爾, 尼加拉瓜, 尼日爾, 尼泊爾, 巴哈馬, 巴基斯坦, 巴布亞新畿內亞, 巴拉圭, 巴拿馬, 巴林, 布基納法索, 布隆迪, 希臘, 幾內亞, 幾內亞比索, 德國, 意大利, 愛沙尼亞, 愛爾蘭, 所羅門群島, 拉脫維亞, 挪威, 捷克共和國, 摩洛哥, 摩爾多瓦, 摩納哥, 斐濟, 斯洛伐克, 斯洛文尼亞, 斯里蘭卡, 新加坡, 日本, 智利, 柬埔寨, 格陵蘭, 格雷納達, 格魯吉亞, 梵蒂岡, 歐洲, 比利時, 汶萊, 波斯尼亞和黑塞哥維那, 波蘭, 泰國, 津巴布韋, 洪都拉斯, 海地, 湯加, 澳洲, 烏干達, 烏茲別克, 牙買加, 特里尼達和多巴哥, 玻利維亞, 瑙魯, 瑞典, 瑞士, 瓦利斯和富圖納群島, 瓦努阿圖, 甘比亞, 百慕達群島, 盧旺達, 盧森堡, 直布羅陀, 科威特, 科特迪瓦（象牙海岸）, 秘魯, 突尼斯, 立陶宛, 約旦, 納米比亞, 紐西蘭, 羅馬尼亞, 美洲, 聖基茨-尼維斯, 聖文森和格瑞那丁, 聖盧西亞, 聖馬力諾, 肯亞, 芬蘭, 英國, 茅利塔尼亞, 荷蘭, 莫桑比克, 菲律賓, 葡萄牙, 蒙古, 蒙特色拉特島, 薩爾瓦多, 蘇里南, 西班牙, 西薩摩亞, 貝寧, 贊比亞, 赤道幾內亞, 越南, 開曼群島, 阿富汗, 阿拉伯聯合酋長國, 阿曼, 阿根廷, 阿爾及利亞, 阿爾巴尼亞, 阿魯巴, 馬來西亞, 馬拉維, 馬爾代夫, 馬耳他, 馬達加斯加, 馬里, 黎巴嫩, 黑山
排除：
APO/FPO, 中非共和國, 乍德, 也門, 俄羅斯聯邦, 利比亞, 博茨瓦納, 土庫曼, 土耳其, 塔吉克, 塞舌爾, 委內瑞拉, 安哥拉, 寮國, 尼日利亞, 巴西, 巴貝多, 斯威士蘭, 新喀里多尼亞, 毛里求斯, 沙特阿拉伯, 法國, 法屬圭亞那, 法屬玻里尼西亞, 烏克蘭, 烏拉圭, 瓜德羅普島, 留尼汪島, 美國領地, 聖皮耶與密克隆群島, 萊索托, 馬其頓, 馬提尼克島
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物品編號 364388741674 的銷售稅
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Came in on time and was clean of no marks or anything!
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I got my book and it was received in excellent condition, it was shipped very quickly, and I got a fantastic deal!!!
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supposed to be 6'9" and it's 6'11"